STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 9219 2025-2026 Regular Sessions IN ASSEMBLY November 3, 2025 ___________ Introduced by M. of A. CUNNINGHAM -- read once and referred to the Committee on Science and Technology AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring arti- ficial intelligence technology used in professional fields to be developed and maintained in consultation with experts in such fields The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Legislative intent. The legislature finds and declares that 2 artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly influencing deci- 3 sions and operations across professional fields including medicine, law, 4 engineering, architecture, education, and finance. To ensure public 5 safety, ethical alignment, and accuracy, AI systems must be designed and 6 trained with the substantive input of credentialed professionals from 7 relevant fields. This act aims to promote accountability and protect the 8 public by requiring such collaboration. 9 § 2. The general business law is amended by adding a new article 47-A 10 to read as follows: 11 ARTICLE 47-A 12 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROFESSIONAL FIELDS 13 Section 1710. Definitions. 14 1711. Professional oversight requirement. 15 1712. Documentation and compliance. 16 1713. Enforcement. 17 1714. Rulemaking authority. 18 1715. Severability. 19 § 1710. Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the following 20 terms shall have the following meanings: 21 1. "Artificial intelligence", "artificial intelligence technology", or 22 "AI" shall have the same meaning as in subdivision one of section seven- 23 teen hundred of this chapter. EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD13614-01-5A. 9219 2 1 2. "Generative artificial intelligence" shall have the same meaning as 2 in subdivision two of section seventeen hundred of this chapter. 3 3. "Professional domain expert" shall mean an individual who holds a 4 valid license, certification, or credential in a regulated field and has 5 at least three years of experience in such field, including, but not 6 limited to, a medical doctor, registered nurse, licensed attorney, 7 certified public accountant, licensed engineer, or certified educator. 8 4. "Developer" shall mean any entity or individual that designs, 9 builds, trains, or deploys an AI technology for public use or for sale 10 in the state. 11 § 1711. Professional oversight requirement. 1. Any developer of an 12 artificial intelligence technology intended for use in a professional 13 domain regulated under title eight of the education law shall demon- 14 strate that at least one professional domain expert has been directly 15 and substantially involved in at least, but not limited to: 16 (a) the technology design phase; 17 (b) the data selection and training process; 18 (c) validation and testing of system outputs; and 19 (d) ongoing risk assessment and post-deployment evaluation. 20 2. The provisions of subdivision one of this section shall apply to 21 artificial intelligence technology used in areas such as, but not limit- 22 ed to: 23 (a) health care diagnostics, treatment recommendations, or patient 24 monitoring; 25 (b) legal decision-making or document generation; 26 (c) financial advising or lending tools; 27 (d) educational curriculum or assessment tools; 28 (e) construction, architecture, or structural safety systems; and 29 (f) public safety, law enforcement, or surveillance technologies. 30 § 1712. Documentation and compliance. 1. Developers of artificial 31 intelligence technologies shall submit documentation to the attorney 32 general affirming: 33 (a) The identities and qualifications of professional domain experts 34 involved in the AI technology, pursuant to section seventeen hundred 35 eleven of this article; 36 (b) The specific phases of development in which such professional 37 domain experts contributed; and 38 (c) Any known risks, limitations, or ethical concerns disclosed during 39 development. 40 2. The attorney general or a duly authorized representative of the 41 attorney general shall issue certificates of compliance to developers 42 who have submitted documentation pursuant to subdivision one of this 43 section and are found to be in compliance. Any technology and developers 44 found to be not in compliance may be subject to investigation and penal- 45 ties pursuant to section seventeen hundred thirteen of this article. 46 § 1713. Enforcement. 1. The attorney general shall have exclusive 47 authority to enforce the provisions of this article. 48 2. Nothing in this article shall be construed as providing the basis 49 for a private right of action for violations of the provisions of this 50 article. 51 3. A violation of the requirements established in this article shall 52 constitute an unfair trade practice for purposes of section three 53 hundred forty-nine of this chapter and shall be enforced solely by the 54 attorney general; provided, however, that subdivision (h) of section 55 three hundred forty-nine of this chapter shall not apply to any such 56 violation.A. 9219 3 1 4. (a) In any action commenced by the attorney general for any 2 violation of this article, it shall be an affirmative defense that the 3 developer, deployer, or other person: 4 (i) discovers a violation of any provision of this article through 5 red-teaming; 6 (ii) no later than sixty days after discovering such violation through 7 red-teaming: 8 (A) cures such violation; and 9 (B) provides to the attorney general, in a form and manner prescribed 10 by the attorney general, notice that such violation has been cured and 11 evidence that any harm caused by such violation has been mitigated; and 12 (iii) is otherwise in compliance with the latest version of: 13 (A) the Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework published by 14 the national institute of standards and technology; 15 (B) ISO/IEC 42001 of the international organization for standardi- 16 zation and the international electrotechnical commission; 17 (C) a nationally or internationally recognized risk management frame- 18 work for artificial intelligence decision technology, other than the 19 risk management frameworks described in clauses (A) and (B) of this 20 subparagraph, that imposes requirements that are substantially equiv- 21 alent to, and at least as stringent as, the requirements established 22 pursuant to this article; or 23 (D) any risk management framework for artificial intelligence decision 24 technology that is substantially equivalent to, and at least as strin- 25 gent as, the risk management frameworks described in clauses (A), (B), 26 and (C) of this subparagraph. 27 (b) The developer, deployer, or other person bears the burden of 28 demonstrating to the attorney general that the requirements established 29 pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdivision have been satisfied. 30 (c) Nothing in this article, including, but not limited to, the 31 enforcement authority granted to the attorney general pursuant to this 32 section, shall be construed to preempt or otherwise affect any right, 33 claim, remedy, presumption, or defense available at law or in equity. 34 Any rebuttable presumption or affirmative defense established pursuant 35 to this article shall apply only to an enforcement action brought by the 36 attorney general pursuant to this section and shall not apply to any 37 right, claim, remedy, presumption, or defense available at law or in 38 equity. 39 3. Any developer found to be in violation of this article may be 40 subject to: 41 (a) Civil penalties not to exceed fifty thousand dollars per 42 violation; 43 (b) Injunctive relief to halt deployment of an AI technology; or 44 (c) Public disclosure of non-compliant practices. 45 § 1714. Rulemaking authority. The attorney general shall promulgate 46 such rules and regulations as are necessary to effectuate and enforce 47 the provisions of this article. 48 § 1715. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, 49 section or part of this article shall be adjudged by any court of compe- 50 tent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, 51 or invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its opera- 52 tion to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or part 53 thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment 54 shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the 55 legislature that this article would have been enacted even if such 56 invalid provisions had not been included herein.A. 9219 4 1 § 3. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a 2 law. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any 3 rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act on its 4 effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such 5 effective date.
Policy Tracker
Requires experts in professional fields to be consulted when developing and maintaining artificial intelligence technology for use in such fields.
NY · Legislation · 2025 · A09219
LegislationAI
Introduced
Record updated Jan 7, 2026
Summary
Requires experts in professional fields to be consulted when developing and maintaining artificial intelligence technology for use in such fields.
Timeline
2026-01-07
A
referred to science and technology
2025-11-03
A
referred to science and technology
Bill Text
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